KEY ROLE OF WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING IN RESOLVING AN INTERNATIONAL OUTBREAK OF MONOPHASIC SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM LINKED TO CHOCOLATE PRODUCTS

Key role of whole genome sequencing in resolving an international outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium linked to chocolate products

Abstract Background In February 2022, the United Kingdom (UK) detected a cluster of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium based on whole genome sequencing (WGS).Subsequently, several countries reported cases belonging to this cluster.Epidemiological, microbiological and traceability investigations pointed toward a chocolate food business operator (FBO)

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A Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene (MGV1) in Fusarium graminearum Is Required for Female Fertility, Heterokaryon Formation, and Plant Infection

Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen of small Blocker grains and maize in many areas of the world.Infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins harmful to humans and animals.During the past decade, F.graminearum has caused several severe epidemics of head scab in wheat and barley.In order to understand molecular mechanisms regulat

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A Study on the Flight Operations Quality Assurance System for Predictive Safety Management of the Republic of Korea Air Force

In 1962, British Airways implemented Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) for the first Blocker time in order to reduce the rate of increase in aviation accidents, which could increase due to the expansion of the aviation industry and the increase in traffic.After that, in 1995, it was developed for the purpose of collecting/ analyzing flight

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INTRACELLULAR Ca2+ HOMEOSTASIS

Ca2+ signaling functions to regulate many cellular processes.Dynamics of Ca2+ signaling or homeostasis is regulated by the interaction between ON and OFF reactions that control Ca2+ flux in both the plasma membrane and internal organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria.External stimuli activate the ON reactions, which inclu

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Trifunctional antibody-cytokine fusion protein formats for tumor-targeted combination of IL-15 with IL-7 or IL-21

Cytokines from the common gamma chain Ginkgo receptor family, such as IL-15, IL-21 and IL-7, show promise for cancer immunotherapy and have been incorporated individually into the immunocytokine approach.However, their efficacy as monotherapy is limited.Here, we investigated the molecular design of tumor-directed trifunctional antibody-cytokine fus

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